server | Tom's Notes

Playing around with Azure Stack HCI

By Tomica Kaniski in Other 27/03/2022 0 Comment

Decided to have some fun with (nested) Microsoft Azure Stack HCI in my lab.

If you want to do the same, I’ve scripted most the stuff you need, so… maybe it will be useful.

Steps to prepare a brand new, shiny, nested Azure Stack HCI lab are (roughly):

prepare your (parent) Windows Server 2022 Hyper-V host (ensure enough resources are available)
- it already hosts my Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, router, …, VMs
- everything will be saved locally to D:\AzureStackHCI
(optional) install Windows Admin Center (WAC) for easier management
- download it and install with simple command:

### install Windows Admin Center
Invoke-WebRequest 'https://aka.ms/WACDownload' -OutFile "D:\AzureStackHCI\WindowsAdminCenter2110.msi"
C:\Windows\System32\msiexec.exe /i "D:\AzureStackHCI\WindowsAdminCenter2110.msi" /qn /L*v "D:\AzureStackHCI\WindowsAdminCenter2110.log" SME_PORT=443 SSL_CERTIFICATE_OPTION=generate

### install Windows Admin Center

Invoke-WebRequest 'https://aka.ms/WACDownload' -OutFile "D:\AzureStackHCI\WindowsAdminCenter2110.msi"

C:\Windows\System32\msiexec.exe /i "D:\AzureStackHCI\WindowsAdminCenter2110.msi" /qn /L*v "D:\AzureStackHCI\WindowsAdminCenter2110.log" SME_PORT=443 SSL_CERTIFICATE_OPTION=generate

obtain the Azure Stack HCI 60-day trial ISO image from here
make VHD(X) from the obtained ISO image:

### check what's in the Azure Stack HCI ISO file
dism /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:E:\sources\install.wim
# Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
# Version: 10.0.20348.1

# Details for image : E:\sources\install.wim

# Index : 1
# Name : Azure Stack HCI
# Description : This option installs Azure Stack HCI.
# Size : 7.996.171.122 bytes

# The operation completed successfully.

### convert ISO to VHDX
# https://github.com/x0nn/Convert-WindowsImage
$iso = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.iso"
$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"
Convert-WindowsImage -SourcePath $iso -VHDFormat "VHDX" -Edition "Azure Stack HCI" -SizeBytes 200GB -DiskLayout "UEFI" -VHDPath $vhd

### check what's in the Azure Stack HCI ISO file

dism /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:E:\sources\install.wim

# Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool

# Version: 10.0.20348.1

# Details for image : E:\sources\install.wim

# Index : 1

# Name : Azure Stack HCI

# Description : This option installs Azure Stack HCI.

# Size : 7.996.171.122 bytes

# The operation completed successfully.

### convert ISO to VHDX

# https://github.com/x0nn/Convert-WindowsImage

$iso = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.iso"

$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"

Convert-WindowsImage -SourcePath $iso -VHDFormat "VHDX" -Edition "Azure Stack HCI" -SizeBytes 200GB -DiskLayout "UEFI" -VHDPath $vhd

- note that I’m using Convert-WindowsImage.ps1 available here
- which gives me nice, generalized Azure Stack HCI VHD(X), which we will “upgrade with things” and later use for VM creation
install prerequisites into VHD(X)
- this one is fairly easy – install Windows roles and features directly to the VHD(X) itself:

### install Azure Stack HCI cluster prerequisites
$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"
$roles = @(
    "BitLocker",
    "Data-Center-Bridging",
    "EnhancedStorage",
    "Failover-Clustering",
    "FS-FileServer",
    "FS-Data-Deduplication",
    "Hyper-V",
    "Hyper-V-PowerShell",
    "NetworkATC",
    "RSAT-AD-PowerShell",
    "RSAT-Clustering-PowerShell",
    "Storage-Replica"
)
Install-WindowsFeature -Vhd $vhd -Name $roles -IncludeAllSubFeature -IncludeManagementTools

### install Azure Stack HCI cluster prerequisites

$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"

$roles = @(

"BitLocker",

"Data-Center-Bridging",

"EnhancedStorage",

"Failover-Clustering",

"FS-FileServer",

"FS-Data-Deduplication",

"Hyper-V",

"Hyper-V-PowerShell",

"NetworkATC",

"RSAT-AD-PowerShell",

"RSAT-Clustering-PowerShell",

"Storage-Replica"

)

Install-WindowsFeature -Vhd $vhd -Name $roles -IncludeAllSubFeature -IncludeManagementTools

- NOTE: If you try to install the Hyper-V role later, it may fail as we’re running Azure Stack HCI on “normal” Windows Server, so it get’s confused with nested virtualization availability. With preinstaling it, we make sure it just works.
update VHD(X) with latest patches:

### install Windows updates (into an offline VHDX image)
$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"
$packages = "D:\AzureStackHCI\Updates"
# mount image
$drive = (Mount-VHD -Path $vhd -PassThru | Get-Disk | Get-Partition | Get-Volume).DriveLetter
# install updates from folder
Add-WindowsPackage -Path "$(([string]$drive).Trim()):\" -PackagePath $packages -IgnoreCheck
# dismount image
Dismount-Vhd -Path $vhd

### install Windows updates (into an offline VHDX image)

$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"

$packages = "D:\AzureStackHCI\Updates"

# mount image

$drive = (Mount-VHD -Path $vhd -PassThru | Get-Disk | Get-Partition | Get-Volume).DriveLetter

# install updates from folder

Add-WindowsPackage -Path "$(([string]$drive).Trim()):\" -PackagePath $packages -IgnoreCheck

# dismount image

Dismount-Vhd -Path $vhd

- I have previously downloaded all the Azure Stack HCI patches available to D:\AzureStackHCI\Updates
add Unattend.xml to handle the “set password at first login issue”
- it annoys me that I need to set up the initial password, so… simple Unattend.xml file, injected into VHD(X) should take care of this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
    <settings pass="oobeSystem">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="wow64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <UserAccounts>
                <AdministratorPassword>
                    <Value>UABAAHMAcwB3ADAAcgBkACEAQQBkAG0AaQBuAGkAcwB0AHIAYQB0AG8AcgBQAGEAcwBzAHcAbwByAGQA</Value>
                    <PlainText>false</PlainText>
                </AdministratorPassword>
            </UserAccounts>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:c:/sources/install.wim#Azure Stack HCI SERVERAZURESTACKHCICORE" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />
</unattend>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<Value>UABAAHMAcwB3ADAAcgBkACEAQQBkAG0AaQBuAGkAcwB0AHIAYQB0AG8AcgBQAGEAcwBzAHcAbwByAGQA</Value>

<PlainText>false</PlainText>

</AdministratorPassword>

</UserAccounts>

</component>

</settings>

<cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:c:/sources/install.wim#Azure Stack HCI SERVERAZURESTACKHCICORE" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />

</unattend>

### inject Unattend.xml (into an offline VHDX image)
$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"
# mount image
$drive = (Mount-VHD -Path $vhd -PassThru | Get-Disk | Get-Partition | Get-Volume).DriveLetter
# inject Unattend.xml
Copy-Item -Path ".\Unattend.xml" -Destination "$(([string]$drive).Trim()):\"
# dismount image
Dismount-Vhd -Path $vhd

### inject Unattend.xml (into an offline VHDX image)

$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"

# mount image

$drive = (Mount-VHD -Path $vhd -PassThru | Get-Disk | Get-Partition | Get-Volume).DriveLetter

# inject Unattend.xml

Copy-Item -Path ".\Unattend.xml" -Destination "$(([string]$drive).Trim()):\"

# dismount image

Dismount-Vhd -Path $vhd

- NOTE: Make sure you don’t use clear-text passwords in Unattend.xml file!
create Azure Stack HCI VMs
- I’m creating two VMs from our prepared VHD(X), with a couple of additional data disks, few network adapters for different purposes, nested virtualization enabled, etc.:

### create vms
$vms = "AZS1", "AZS2"
foreach ($vm in $vms) {
    # prepare paths
    $vmpath = "D:\AzureStackHCI\VMs"
    $vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\VMs\$vm\Virtual Hard Disks\$vm"
    $vhdt = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"

    # prepare folders
    New-Item -Name $vm -Type Directory -Path $vmpath -Force
    New-Item -Name "Virtual Machines" -Type Directory -Path "$vmpath\$vm" -Force
    New-Item -Name "Virtual Hard Disks" -Type Directory -Path "$vmpath\$vm" -Force
    
    # copy boot disk
    Copy-Item -Path $vhdt -Destination "$($vhd)_0.vhdx"

    # create vm
    New-VM -Name $vm -MemoryStartupBytes 64GB -VHDPath "$($vhd)_0.vhdx" -SwitchName Corporate -Generation 2 -Path $vmpath
    Set-VM -VMName $vm -AutomaticStartAction Nothing -AutomaticStopAction ShutDown -CheckpointType Standard
    Set-VMProcessor -VMName $vm -Count 16 -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true
    New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_1.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic
    Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_1.vhdx"
    New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_2.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic
    Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_2.vhdx"
    New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_3.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic
    Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_3.vhdx"
    New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_4.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic
    Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_4.vhdx"
    Rename-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -NewName "Corporate"
    Set-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "Corporate" -DeviceNaming "On"
    Add-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "Storage_1" -SwitchName "Storage_1" -DeviceNaming "On"
    Add-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "Storage_2" -SwitchName "Storage_2" -DeviceNaming "On"
    Add-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "VM" -SwitchName "Corporate" -DeviceNaming "On"
    Set-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "VM" -MacAddressSpoofing "On"
    Set-VMFirmware -VMName $vm -BootOrder (Get-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -ControllerNumber 0 -ControllerLocation 0)
    Start-VM -VMName $vm
}

### create vms

$vms = "AZS1", "AZS2"

foreach ($vm in $vms) {

# prepare paths

$vmpath = "D:\AzureStackHCI\VMs"

$vhd = "D:\AzureStackHCI\VMs\$vm\Virtual Hard Disks\$vm"

$vhdt = "D:\AzureStackHCI\AzureStackHCI_20348.288_en-us.vhdx"

# prepare folders

New-Item -Name $vm -Type Directory -Path $vmpath -Force

New-Item -Name "Virtual Machines" -Type Directory -Path "$vmpath\$vm" -Force

New-Item -Name "Virtual Hard Disks" -Type Directory -Path "$vmpath\$vm" -Force

# copy boot disk

Copy-Item -Path $vhdt -Destination "$($vhd)_0.vhdx"

# create vm

New-VM -Name $vm -MemoryStartupBytes 64GB -VHDPath "$($vhd)_0.vhdx" -SwitchName Corporate -Generation 2 -Path $vmpath

Set-VM -VMName $vm -AutomaticStartAction Nothing -AutomaticStopAction ShutDown -CheckpointType Standard

Set-VMProcessor -VMName $vm -Count 16 -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true

New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_1.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic

Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_1.vhdx"

New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_2.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic

Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_2.vhdx"

New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_3.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic

Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_3.vhdx"

New-VHD -Path "$($vhd)_4.vhdx" -SizeBytes 480GB -Dynamic

Add-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -Path "$($vhd)_4.vhdx"

Rename-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -NewName "Corporate"

Set-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "Corporate" -DeviceNaming "On"

Add-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "Storage_1" -SwitchName "Storage_1" -DeviceNaming "On"

Add-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "Storage_2" -SwitchName "Storage_2" -DeviceNaming "On"

Add-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "VM" -SwitchName "Corporate" -DeviceNaming "On"

Set-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $vm -Name "VM" -MacAddressSpoofing "On"

Set-VMFirmware -VMName $vm -BootOrder (Get-VMHardDiskDrive -VMName $vm -ControllerNumber 0 -ControllerLocation 0)

Start-VM -VMName $vm

}

set node networking, join them to the domain, prepare for cluster (by using PowerShell Direct):

### customize AZS1
# set networking
$localAdmin = Get-Credential -UserName "AZSx\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the local Administrator account:"
Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS1" -Credential $localAdmin

# rename network adapters per Hyper-V adapter name
$adapters = "Corporate", "Storage_1", "Storage_2", "VM"
foreach ($adapter in $adapters) {
    Get-NetAdapterAdvancedProperty -RegistryKeyword HyperVNetworkAdapterName | Where-Object { $_.DisplayValue -eq $adapter } | Rename-NetAdapter -NewName $adapter
}

# set IP addresses (AZS1)
$ia = "Corporate"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "192.168.111.51" -PrefixLength "24" -DefaultGateway "192.168.111.1"
Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -ServerAddresses "192.168.111.5"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -ConnectionSpecificSuffix "lab.tklabs.eu"
Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias $ia -InterfaceMetric 1

# test if it works
$dc = Resolve-DnsName "DOM1"
Test-NetConnection $dc.IPAddress

# set other IP addresses (AZS1)
$ia = "Storage_1"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.111.1" -PrefixLength "30"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false
$ia = "Storage_2"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.112.1" -PrefixLength "30"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false
$ia = "VM"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.113.1" -PrefixLength "30"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

# enable RDP
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server' -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Desktop"

# Power Options - High Performance
(Get-WmiObject -Namespace root\cimv2\power -Class Win32_PowerPlan -Filter "ElementName = 'High Performance'").Activate()

# Rename C:
Set-Volume -DriveLetter "C" -NewFileSystemLabel "OSDisk"

# timezone
Set-Timezone "Central European Standard Time"

# Windows Update PowerShell module
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
Install-PackageProvider -Name NuGet -MinimumVersion 2.8.5.201 -Force
Set-PSRepository -Name 'PSGallery' -InstallationPolicy Trusted
Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate

# domain join
Add-Computer -DomainName "lab.tklabs.eu" -Credential "LAB\Administrator" -NewName "AZS1" -Restart -Force

## additional settings
$domainadmin = Get-Credential -UserName "LAB\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the domain Administrator account:"
Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS1" -Credential $domainadmin

# disable SConfig on login
Set-SConfig -AutoLaunch $false

# Windows Update
Install-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -AcceptAll -Verbose

### customize AZS1

# set networking

$localAdmin = Get-Credential -UserName "AZSx\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the local Administrator account:"

Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS1" -Credential $localAdmin

# rename network adapters per Hyper-V adapter name

$adapters = "Corporate", "Storage_1", "Storage_2", "VM"

foreach ($adapter in $adapters) {

Get-NetAdapterAdvancedProperty -RegistryKeyword HyperVNetworkAdapterName | Where-Object { $_.DisplayValue -eq $adapter } | Rename-NetAdapter -NewName $adapter

}

# set IP addresses (AZS1)

$ia = "Corporate"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "192.168.111.51" -PrefixLength "24" -DefaultGateway "192.168.111.1"

Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -ServerAddresses "192.168.111.5"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -ConnectionSpecificSuffix "lab.tklabs.eu"

Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias $ia -InterfaceMetric 1

# test if it works

$dc = Resolve-DnsName "DOM1"

Test-NetConnection $dc.IPAddress

# set other IP addresses (AZS1)

$ia = "Storage_1"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.111.1" -PrefixLength "30"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

$ia = "Storage_2"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.112.1" -PrefixLength "30"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

$ia = "VM"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.113.1" -PrefixLength "30"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

# enable RDP

Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server' -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0

Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Desktop"

# Power Options - High Performance

(Get-WmiObject -Namespace root\cimv2\power -Class Win32_PowerPlan -Filter "ElementName = 'High Performance'").Activate()

# Rename C:

Set-Volume -DriveLetter "C" -NewFileSystemLabel "OSDisk"

# timezone

Set-Timezone "Central European Standard Time"

# Windows Update PowerShell module

[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12

Install-PackageProvider -Name NuGet -MinimumVersion 2.8.5.201 -Force

Set-PSRepository -Name 'PSGallery' -InstallationPolicy Trusted

Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate

# domain join

Add-Computer -DomainName "lab.tklabs.eu" -Credential "LAB\Administrator" -NewName "AZS1" -Restart -Force

## additional settings

$domainadmin = Get-Credential -UserName "LAB\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the domain Administrator account:"

Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS1" -Credential $domainadmin

# disable SConfig on login

Set-SConfig -AutoLaunch $false

# Windows Update

Install-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -AcceptAll -Verbose

### customize AZS2
# set networking
$localAdmin = Get-Credential -UserName "AZSx\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the local Administrator account:"
Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS2" -Credential $localAdmin

# rename network adapters per Hyper-V adapter name
$adapters = "Corporate", "Storage_1", "Storage_2", "VM"
foreach ($adapter in $adapters) {
    Get-NetAdapterAdvancedProperty -RegistryKeyword HyperVNetworkAdapterName | Where-Object { $_.DisplayValue -eq $adapter } | Rename-NetAdapter -NewName $adapter
}

# set IP addresses (AZS2)
$ia = "Corporate"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "192.168.111.52" -PrefixLength "24" -DefaultGateway "192.168.111.1"
Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -ServerAddresses "192.168.111.5"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -ConnectionSpecificSuffix "lab.tklabs.eu"
Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias $ia -InterfaceMetric 1

# test if it works
$dc = Resolve-DnsName "DOM1"
Test-NetConnection $dc.IPAddress

# set other IP addresses (AZS2)
$ia = "Storage_1"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.111.2" -PrefixLength "30"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false
$ia = "Storage_2"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.112.2" -PrefixLength "30"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false
$ia = "VM"
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.113.2" -PrefixLength "30"
Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

# enable RDP
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server' -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Desktop"

# Power Options - High Performance
(Get-WmiObject -Namespace root\cimv2\power -Class Win32_PowerPlan -Filter "ElementName = 'High Performance'").Activate()

# Rename C:
Set-Volume -DriveLetter "C" -NewFileSystemLabel "OSDisk"

# timezone
Set-Timezone "Central European Standard Time"

# Windows Update PowerShell module
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
Install-PackageProvider -Name NuGet -MinimumVersion 2.8.5.201 -Force
Set-PSRepository -Name 'PSGallery' -InstallationPolicy Trusted
Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate

# domain join
Add-Computer -DomainName "lab.tklabs.eu" -Credential "LAB\Administrator" -NewName "AZS2" -Restart -Force

## additional settings
$domainadmin = Get-Credential -UserName "LAB\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the domain Administrator account:"
Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS2" -Credential $domainadmin

# disable SConfig on login
Set-SConfig -AutoLaunch $false

# Windows Update
Install-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -AcceptAll -Verbose

### customize AZS2

# set networking

$localAdmin = Get-Credential -UserName "AZSx\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the local Administrator account:"

Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS2" -Credential $localAdmin

# rename network adapters per Hyper-V adapter name

$adapters = "Corporate", "Storage_1", "Storage_2", "VM"

foreach ($adapter in $adapters) {

Get-NetAdapterAdvancedProperty -RegistryKeyword HyperVNetworkAdapterName | Where-Object { $_.DisplayValue -eq $adapter } | Rename-NetAdapter -NewName $adapter

}

# set IP addresses (AZS2)

$ia = "Corporate"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "192.168.111.52" -PrefixLength "24" -DefaultGateway "192.168.111.1"

Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -ServerAddresses "192.168.111.5"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -ConnectionSpecificSuffix "lab.tklabs.eu"

Set-NetIPInterface -InterfaceAlias $ia -InterfaceMetric 1

# test if it works

$dc = Resolve-DnsName "DOM1"

Test-NetConnection $dc.IPAddress

# set other IP addresses (AZS2)

$ia = "Storage_1"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.111.2" -PrefixLength "30"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

$ia = "Storage_2"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.112.2" -PrefixLength "30"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

$ia = "VM"

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias $ia -IPAddress "10.111.113.2" -PrefixLength "30"

Set-DnsClient -InterfaceAlias $ia -RegisterThisConnectionsAddress $false

# enable RDP

Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server' -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0

Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Desktop"

# Power Options - High Performance

(Get-WmiObject -Namespace root\cimv2\power -Class Win32_PowerPlan -Filter "ElementName = 'High Performance'").Activate()

# Rename C:

Set-Volume -DriveLetter "C" -NewFileSystemLabel "OSDisk"

# timezone

Set-Timezone "Central European Standard Time"

# Windows Update PowerShell module

[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12

Install-PackageProvider -Name NuGet -MinimumVersion 2.8.5.201 -Force

Set-PSRepository -Name 'PSGallery' -InstallationPolicy Trusted

Install-Module PSWindowsUpdate

# domain join

Add-Computer -DomainName "lab.tklabs.eu" -Credential "LAB\Administrator" -NewName "AZS2" -Restart -Force

## additional settings

$domainadmin = Get-Credential -UserName "LAB\Administrator" -Message "Enter password for the domain Administrator account:"

Enter-PSSession -VMName "AZS2" -Credential $domainadmin

# disable SConfig on login

Set-SConfig -AutoLaunch $false

# Windows Update

Install-WindowsUpdate -MicrosoftUpdate -AcceptAll -Verbose

create the Azure Stack HCI cluster:

### create Azure Stack HCI cluster
# prepare and clean disks
$servers = "AZS1", "AZS2"
$cluster = "AzSCluster"
$clusterIp = "192.168.111.50/24"

Invoke-Command ($servers) {
    Update-StorageProviderCache
    Get-StoragePool | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimordial -eq $false } | Set-StoragePool -IsReadOnly:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    Get-StoragePool | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimordial -eq $false } | Get-VirtualDisk | Remove-VirtualDisk -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    Get-StoragePool | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimordial -eq $false } | Remove-StoragePool -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    Get-PhysicalDisk | Reset-PhysicalDisk -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    Get-Disk | Where-Object { $_.Number -ne $null } | Where-Object { $_.IsBoot -ne $true } | Where-Object { $_.IsSystem -ne $true } | Where-Object { $_.PartitionStyle -ne "RAW" } | ForEach-Object {
        $_ | Set-Disk -IsOffline:$false
        $_ | Set-Disk -IsReadOnly:$false
        $_ | Clear-Disk -RemoveData -RemoveOEM -Confirm:$false
        $_ | Set-Disk -IsReadOnly:$true
        $_ | Set-Disk -IsOffline:$true
    }
    Get-Disk | Where-Object { $_.Number -ne $Null } | Where-Object { $_.IsBoot -ne $True } | Where-Object { $_.IsSystem -ne $True } | Where-Object { $_.PartitionStyle -eq "RAW" } | Group-Object -NoElement -Property "FriendlyName"
} | Sort-Object -Property "PsComputerName", "Count"
# Count Name                      PSComputerName
# ----- ----                      --------------
#     4 Msft Virtual Disk         AZS1
#     4 Msft Virtual Disk         AZS2

# check if cluster can be created
Test-Cluster -Node $servers -Include "Storage Spaces Direct", "Inventory", "Network", "System Configuration"

# create cluster
New-Cluster -Name $cluster -Node $servers -StaticAddress $clusterIp -NoStorage

# check cluster
Get-Cluster -Name $cluster | Get-ClusterResource
# Name                        State  OwnerGroup    ResourceType
# ----                        -----  ----------    ------------
# Cluster IP Address          Online Cluster Group IP Address
# Cluster Name                Online Cluster Group Network Name
# Virtual Machine Cluster WMI Online Cluster Group Virtual Machine Cluster WMI

# set cluster quorum (file share witness)
Set-ClusterQuorum -Cluster $cluster -FileShareWitness "\\DOM1.lab.tklabs.eu\Witness_AZSCluster$"
# Cluster              QuorumResource
# -------              --------------
# AzSCluster           File Share Witness

Get-Cluster -Name $cluster | Get-ClusterResource
# Name                        State  OwnerGroup    ResourceType
# ----                        -----  ----------    ------------
# Cluster IP Address          Online Cluster Group IP Address
# Cluster Name                Online Cluster Group Network Name
# File Share Witness          Online Cluster Group File Share Witness
# Virtual Machine Cluster WMI Online Cluster Group Virtual Machine Cluster WMI

### create Azure Stack HCI cluster

# prepare and clean disks

$servers = "AZS1", "AZS2"

$cluster = "AzSCluster"

$clusterIp = "192.168.111.50/24"

Invoke-Command ($servers) {

Update-StorageProviderCache

Get-StoragePool | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimordial -eq $false } | Set-StoragePool -IsReadOnly:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

Get-StoragePool | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimordial -eq $false } | Get-VirtualDisk | Remove-VirtualDisk -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

Get-StoragePool | Where-Object { $_.IsPrimordial -eq $false } | Remove-StoragePool -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

Get-PhysicalDisk | Reset-PhysicalDisk -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

Get-Disk | Where-Object { $_.Number -ne $null } | Where-Object { $_.IsBoot -ne $true } | Where-Object { $_.IsSystem -ne $true } | Where-Object { $_.PartitionStyle -ne "RAW" } | ForEach-Object {

$_ | Set-Disk -IsOffline:$false

$_ | Set-Disk -IsReadOnly:$false

$_ | Clear-Disk -RemoveData -RemoveOEM -Confirm:$false

$_ | Set-Disk -IsReadOnly:$true

$_ | Set-Disk -IsOffline:$true

}

Get-Disk | Where-Object { $_.Number -ne $Null } | Where-Object { $_.IsBoot -ne $True } | Where-Object { $_.IsSystem -ne $True } | Where-Object { $_.PartitionStyle -eq "RAW" } | Group-Object -NoElement -Property "FriendlyName"

} | Sort-Object -Property "PsComputerName", "Count"

# Count Name PSComputerName

# ----- ---- --------------

# 4 Msft Virtual Disk AZS1

# 4 Msft Virtual Disk AZS2

# check if cluster can be created

Test-Cluster -Node $servers -Include "Storage Spaces Direct", "Inventory", "Network", "System Configuration"

# create cluster

New-Cluster -Name $cluster -Node $servers -StaticAddress $clusterIp -NoStorage

# check cluster

Get-Cluster -Name $cluster | Get-ClusterResource

# Name State OwnerGroup ResourceType

# ---- ----- ---------- ------------

# Cluster IP Address Online Cluster Group IP Address

# Cluster Name Online Cluster Group Network Name

# Virtual Machine Cluster WMI Online Cluster Group Virtual Machine Cluster WMI

# set cluster quorum (file share witness)

Set-ClusterQuorum -Cluster $cluster -FileShareWitness "\\DOM1.lab.tklabs.eu\Witness_AZSCluster$"

# Cluster QuorumResource

# ------- --------------

# AzSCluster File Share Witness

Get-Cluster -Name $cluster | Get-ClusterResource

# Name State OwnerGroup ResourceType

# ---- ----- ---------- ------------

# Cluster IP Address Online Cluster Group IP Address

# Cluster Name Online Cluster Group Network Name

# File Share Witness Online Cluster Group File Share Witness

# Virtual Machine Cluster WMI Online Cluster Group Virtual Machine Cluster WMI

### https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure-stack/hci/deploy/register-with-azure
# prerequisites
Install-Module -Name "Az.StackHCI" -Force -Confirm:$false

# registration
Register-AzStackHCI -SubscriptionId "<your_Azure_subscription_ID>" -ResourceGroupName "AzureStackHCI"
# WARNING: To sign in, use a web browser to open the page https://microsoft.com/devicelogin and enter the code DW84XWSHV to authenticate.
# WARNING: We have migrated the API calls for this cmdlet from Azure Active Directory Graph to Microsoft Graph. Visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2181475 for any permission issues.

# Result                          : Success
# AzurePortalResourceURL          : https://portal.azure.com/#@<some_resource_ID>/resource/subscriptions/<your_Azure_subscription_ID>/resourceGroups/AzureStackHCI/providers/Microsoft.AzureStackHCI/clusters/AzSCluster/overview
# AzureResourceId                 : /Subscriptions/<your_Azure_subscription_ID>/resourceGroups/AzureStackHCI/providers/Microsoft.AzureStackHCI/clusters/AzSCluster
# AzurePortalAADAppPermissionsURL : https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_AAD_RegisteredApps/ApplicationMenuBlade/CallAnAPI/appId/<some_App_ID>/isMSAApp/
# Details                         : Azure Stack HCI is successfully registered. An Azure resource representing Azure Stack HCI has been created in your Azure subscription to enable an Azure-consistent monitoring, billing, and support experience.

### https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure-stack/hci/deploy/register-with-azure

# prerequisites

Install-Module -Name "Az.StackHCI" -Force -Confirm:$false

# registration

# WARNING: To sign in, use a web browser to open the page https://microsoft.com/devicelogin and enter the code DW84XWSHV to authenticate.

# WARNING: We have migrated the API calls for this cmdlet from Azure Active Directory Graph to Microsoft Graph. Visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2181475 for any permission issues.

# Result : Success

# AzurePortalResourceURL : https://portal.azure.com/#@<some_resource_ID>/resource/subscriptions/<your_Azure_subscription_ID>/resourceGroups/AzureStackHCI/providers/Microsoft.AzureStackHCI/clusters/AzSCluster/overview

# AzureResourceId : /Subscriptions/<your_Azure_subscription_ID>/resourceGroups/AzureStackHCI/providers/Microsoft.AzureStackHCI/clusters/AzSCluster

# AzurePortalAADAppPermissionsURL : https://portal.azure.com/#blade/Microsoft_AAD_RegisteredApps/ApplicationMenuBlade/CallAnAPI/appId/<some_App_ID>/isMSAApp/

# Details : Azure Stack HCI is successfully registered. An Azure resource representing Azure Stack HCI has been created in your Azure subscription to enable an Azure-consistent monitoring, billing, and support experience.

create CSV(s) and virtual switches for child workloads (but add nodes/cluster to WAC before, if not using PowerShell)
- NOTE: I’m not using intent-based networking at this time. Nor SDN.

play around with your new cluster
(optional) clean all/redeploy if needed:

### cleanup script
Get-VM "AZS*" | Stop-VM -TurnOff -Force
Remove-VM "AZS*" -Force
Remove-Item "D:\AzureStackHCI\VMs\AZS*" -Force -Recurse

### cleanup script

Get-VM "AZS*" | Stop-VM -TurnOff -Force

Remove-VM "AZS*" -Force

Remove-Item "D:\AzureStackHCI\VMs\AZS*" -Force -Recurse

And now you have fully functional, nested, 2-node Azure Stack HCI cluster – nothing too fancy, but you can extend it how you wish! 😊

You can begin exploring the Azure Stack HCI itself, use it with Azure Arc, or perhaps install AKS on Azure Stack HCI and play around with it. Or something else.

Cheers!

P.S. You can use these scripts also for stuff other than Azure Stack HCI, of course! 😉
P.P.S. Code is also available on my GitHub page.

UniFi Network Application on Ubuntu Server on Raspberry Pi 3 (arm64)

By Tomica Kaniski in Other 29/12/2021 2 Comments

Another catchy title, right? 😀

Decided that I want to move my UniFi network controller to Ubuntu based installation, which will be running on top of Raspberry Pi (3) device which was collecting dust.

UPDATE: If you’re having issues with Java 11 or path not being set, take a look at comment by G. Faria below.

This can be easily achieved by following these steps:

take a backup of your current configuration (my controller was offline, so I’ve just copied the last automatic backup from /var/lib/unifi/backup/autobackup)
prepare the SD card with OS installation (detailed info here) – I’ve selected Ubuntu Server 21.10:

with prepared SD card, boot Ubuntu Server on your Raspberry Pi device
first login is ubuntu/ubuntu, and you’ll need to change password immediately after
next, you’ll probably want to set your Raspberry Pi to use static IP configuration – I’m using netplan to set it up:
- just in case, I removed all *.yaml files inside /etc/netplan/
- create new netplan template (YAML file) called 00-eth0.yaml in /etc/netplan/ (watch those white spaces!)

# 00-eth0.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      dhcp4: false
      set-name: eth0
      match:
        driver: "smsc95xx"
      addresses: [192.168.13.4/24]
      routes:
      - to: default
        via: 192.168.13.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.13.1]

# 00-eth0.yaml

network:

version: 2

renderer: networkd

ethernets:

eth0:

dhcp4: false

set-name: eth0

match:

driver: "smsc95xx"

addresses: [192.168.13.4/24]

routes:

- to: default

via: 192.168.13.1

nameservers:

addresses: [192.168.13.1]

- apply the configuration (your IP address will be reconfigured, so you’ll also lose the current SSH connection, if connected remotely(!))

netplan generate
netplan apply

1 2	netplan generate netplan apply

prepare for UniFi Network Application installation:
- two important prerequisites are MongoDB (available releases) and LibSSL (found it here):

sudo su -
cd ~

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/555133932/libssl1.0.0_1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.7_arm64.deb
dpkg -i libssl1.0.0_1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.7_arm64.deb

wget https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu/dists/xenial/mongodb-org/3.6/multiverse/binary-arm64/mongodb-org-server_3.6.23_arm64.deb
dpkg -i mongodb-org-server_3.6.23_arm64.deb

sudo su -

cd ~

wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/555133932/libssl1.0.0_1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.7_arm64.deb

dpkg -i libssl1.0.0_1.0.2n-1ubuntu5.7_arm64.deb

wget https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu/dists/xenial/mongodb-org/3.6/multiverse/binary-arm64/mongodb-org-server_3.6.23_arm64.deb

dpkg -i mongodb-org-server_3.6.23_arm64.deb

install the UniFi Network Application:
- there is a nice official guide here, once you take care of prerequisites, but basically:

# install prerequisite packages
apt-get update && apt-get install ca-certificates apt-transport-https

# add Ubiquity repo (for ARM)
echo 'deb [arch=armhf] https://www.ui.com/downloads/unifi/debian stable ubiquiti' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/00-ubnt-unifi.list

# download and install GPG keys
wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/unifi-repo.gpg https://dl.ui.com/unifi/unifi-repo.gpg

# prevent updating OpenJDK
apt-mark hold openjdk-11-*

# update repos and install UniFi Network Application
apt-get update && apt-get install unifi -y

# install prerequisite packages

apt-get update && apt-get install ca-certificates apt-transport-https

# add Ubiquity repo (for ARM)

echo 'deb [arch=armhf] https://www.ui.com/downloads/unifi/debian stable ubiquiti' | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/00-ubnt-unifi.list

# download and install GPG keys

wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/unifi-repo.gpg https://dl.ui.com/unifi/unifi-repo.gpg

# prevent updating OpenJDK

apt-mark hold openjdk-11-*

# update repos and install UniFi Network Application

apt-get update && apt-get install unifi -y

restore from backup and start using it:

Note: If you’ll check your unifi service status, you may see “WARN Unable to load properties from ‘/usr/lib/unifi/data/system.properties’“:

This can easily be resolved by enabling the built-in “uncomplicated firewall” (ufw) – don’t forget to open ports you’ll need when it’s active! (such as SSH (22/tcp), inform endpoint for your devices (8080/tcp), UniFi Network Application web (8443/tcp), etc.):

# check if UFW is enabled already (probably not)
ufw status

# set exceptions
ufw allow 22/tcp
ufw allow 8080/tcp
ufw allow 8443/tcp

# enable UFW and recheck
ufw enable
ufw status

# restart unifi service
service unifi restart
service unifi status

# check if UFW is enabled already (probably not)

ufw status

# set exceptions

ufw allow 22/tcp

ufw allow 8080/tcp

ufw allow 8443/tcp

# enable UFW and recheck

ufw enable

ufw status

# restart unifi service

service unifi restart

service unifi status

* can be done more restricted, if needed
** full list of ports is available at https://help.ui.com/hc/en-us/articles/218506997-UniFi-Ports-Used – add them if needed (for instance, 6789/tcp is used when testing upload/download with mobile app)
*** be careful – it’s a firewall!

Note: If your access point is shown offline/timeout, maybe you forgot to open up the “inform port” 8080/tcp in UFW (been there, of course 😀):

And that’s it – you now have the fully functioning UniFi controller/UniFi Network Application running on top of your Ubuntu Server powered Raspberry Pi device!

Cheers!

P.S. Enable the autobackup feature… it’s useful (sometimes)! 😀

Fixing Hyper-V virtual machine import with Compare-VM

By Tomica Kaniski in Other 30/07/2020 2 Comments

Well, I was rearranging some stuff the other day, and come to an interesting “lesson learned”, which I’ll share. 🙂

In my lab, I’ve had a Hyper-V server running Windows 2012 R2, which I finally wanted to upgrade to something newer. I’ve decided to go with the latest Windows Server Insider Preview (SA 20180), just for fun.

When trying to do an in-place upgrade, I was presented with the message “it can’t be done“, which is fine – my existing installation is with GUI, the new one will be Core.

So, evacuate everything and reinstall.

In the process, I’ve also reorganized some stuff (machines were moved to another disk, not all files were on the same place, etc.).

Installed Windows, installed Hyper-V, created VM switches, but when I tried to import it all back (from PowerShell… because I had no GUI anymore), I was presented with an error.

Error during virtual machine import was (I know – could’ve used more specific Import-VM command, which will select all the right folders and required options, but… learned something new by doing it this way!):

Import-VM -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\Virtual Machines\5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785.vmcx'
# Import-VM : Unable to import virtual machine due to configuration errors.  Please use Compare-VM to repair the virtual machine.
# At line:1 char:1
# + Import-VM -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\Virtual Machines\5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785.vmcx'
# + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#     + CategoryInfo          : InvalidOperation: (:) [Import-VM], VirtualizationException
#     + FullyQualifiedErrorId : OperationFailed,Microsoft.HyperV.PowerShell.Commands.ImportVM

Import-VM -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\Virtual Machines\5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785.vmcx'

# Import-VM : Unable to import virtual machine due to configuration errors. Please use Compare-VM to repair the virtual machine.

# At line:1 char:1

# + Import-VM -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\Virtual Machines\5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785.vmcx'

# + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

# + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [Import-VM], VirtualizationException

# + FullyQualifiedErrorId : OperationFailed,Microsoft.HyperV.PowerShell.Commands.ImportVM

So, the error says it all – “Please use Compare-VM to repair the virtual machine.” 🙂

But how?! 🙂

If you go to the docs page of Compare-VM, you can see how it’s used.

And, in my case, the whole process of repairing this virtual machine looks like this:

# create an incompatibility report for a virtual machine
$report = Compare-VM -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\Virtual Machines\5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785.vmcx'

# check the created report as some incompatibilities were found
$report
# VM                 : VirtualMachine (Name = 'azshci1') [Id = '5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785']
# OperationType      : ImportVirtualMachine
# ...
# Incompatibilities  : {40010, 40010, 40010, 40010}
# ...

# check what exactly is incompatible (VHD locations, in this case)
$report.Incompatibilities.Source | Format-Table
# VMName  ControllerType ControllerNumber ControllerLocation DiskNumber Path
# ------  -------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------- ----
# azshci1 SCSI           0                0                             C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_0_0.vhdx
# azshci1 SCSI           1                0                             C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_0.vhdx
# azshci1 SCSI           1                1                             C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_1.vhdx
# azshci1 SCSI           1                2                             C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_2.vhdx

# fixing the VHD locations (by replacing C: with D: for all VHDs)
$report.Incompatibilities[0].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_0_0.vhdx'
$report.Incompatibilities[1].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_0.vhdx'
$report.Incompatibilities[2].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_1.vhdx'
$report.Incompatibilities[3].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_2.vhdx'

# recheck if all looks fine
$report.Incompatibilities.Source | Format-Table
# VMName  ControllerType ControllerNumber ControllerLocation DiskNumber Path
# ------  -------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------- ----
# azshci1 SCSI           0                0                             D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_0_0.vhdx
# azshci1 SCSI           1                0                             D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_0.vhdx
# azshci1 SCSI           1                1                             D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_1.vhdx
# azshci1 SCSI           1                2                             D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_2.vhdx

# import the fixed virtual machine (success!)
Import-VM -CompatibilityReport $report
# Name    State CPUUsage(%) MemoryAssigned(M) Uptime   Status             Version
# ----    ----- ----------- ----------------- ------   ------             -------
# azshci1 Off   0           0                 00:00:00 Operating normally 9.0

# create an incompatibility report for a virtual machine

$report = Compare-VM -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\Virtual Machines\5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785.vmcx'

# check the created report as some incompatibilities were found

$report

# VM : VirtualMachine (Name = 'azshci1') [Id = '5381F80D-C752-42E0-AE26-6402B019B785']

# OperationType : ImportVirtualMachine

# ...

# Incompatibilities : {40010, 40010, 40010, 40010}

# ...

# check what exactly is incompatible (VHD locations, in this case)

$report.Incompatibilities.Source | Format-Table

# VMName ControllerType ControllerNumber ControllerLocation DiskNumber Path

# ------ -------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------- ----

# azshci1 SCSI 0 0 C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_0_0.vhdx

# azshci1 SCSI 1 0 C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_0.vhdx

# azshci1 SCSI 1 1 C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_1.vhdx

# azshci1 SCSI 1 2 C:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_2.vhdx

# fixing the VHD locations (by replacing C: with D: for all VHDs)

$report.Incompatibilities[0].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_0_0.vhdx'

$report.Incompatibilities[1].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_0.vhdx'

$report.Incompatibilities[2].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_1.vhdx'

$report.Incompatibilities[3].Source | Set-VMHardDiskDrive -Path 'D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_2.vhdx'

# recheck if all looks fine

$report.Incompatibilities.Source | Format-Table

# VMName ControllerType ControllerNumber ControllerLocation DiskNumber Path

# ------ -------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------- ----

# azshci1 SCSI 0 0 D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_0_0.vhdx

# azshci1 SCSI 1 0 D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_0.vhdx

# azshci1 SCSI 1 1 D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_1.vhdx

# azshci1 SCSI 1 2 D:\VMs\azshci\azshci1\azshci1_1_2.vhdx

# import the fixed virtual machine (success!)

Import-VM -CompatibilityReport $report

# Name State CPUUsage(%) MemoryAssigned(M) Uptime Status Version

# ---- ----- ----------- ----------------- ------ ------ -------

# azshci1 Off 0 0 00:00:00 Operating normally 9.0

Hope this helps you as well!

Cheers!